‘We Can’t Do Without a Theatre’: On the Levels of Metatheatricality in ‘The Seagull’ by Anton Chekhov
Magdalena Hasiuk
Institute of Art, Polish Academy of Sciences (Poland)
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-5256
Abstract
The Seagull (1896) holds a special place in the oeuvre of Anton Chekhov for the richness of metatheatrical devices deployed in it. It is the only drama by the playwright where one can find all the kinds of metatheatricality distinguished by Sławomir Świontek. It may be worth to add a fourth kind that manifests itself at the level of composition of the dramatic form and has been defined as “a play with genres” (Ewa Partyga) or “quoting of structures” (Danuta Danek). The present study of kinds of metatheatricality reveals Chekhov’s emphasis on the multitude of ways in which the audience can play a creative part in the theatre experience. The dramatist vindicates some elements hitherto considered to be secondary, passive, and weak. At the same time, Chekhov uses the image of the theatre of everyday life in order to expose the inner workings of society’s oppression that crushes its most sensitive individuals. This situation becomes a mirror for the processes going on within the self (as conceived of by the Dialogical Self Theory by Hubert Hermans). The disfunctionality of the world presented in the drama indicates fractures within the human psyche, where weaker personal positions must be suppressed or eradicated. The aim of the metatheatrical devices utilised in The Seagull is to construct a multi-level representation of reality and to display the multitude and changeability of personal perspectives on the reality, which illuminate one another. Out of this multitude of points of view and diversity of personal voices, Chekhov constructs a thoroughly modern representation of the world, whose governing principle combines dialogicality and theatricality.
Keywords:
Anton Chekhov, The Seagull, metatheater, Dialogical Self Theory, dialogismReferences
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Authors
Magdalena HasiukInstitute of Art, Polish Academy of Sciences Poland
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-5256
Graduate of the University of Lodz (theater studies, college of foreign languages). D. in Humanities (University of Lodz) based on the thesis "Drama in Ariane Mnouchkine's Theatrical Laboratory". (supervisor: Kazimierz Kowalewicz, PhD). Scholarship holder of the Government of the French Republic (2004). Since 2012 she has worked at the Department of History and Theory of Theatre in Institute of Art, Polish Academy of Sciences.
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